SOUTH
CHINA
MORNING
POST.
SEPTEMBER FRIDAY,
3, 1937.
CHINA AND JAPAN
PEACE IN EUROPE
Basic Facts Reviewed By an Observer
Little Entente Policy Announced
WAICHOW UNEASY
Fear of Air Raid Causes Exodus of Residents
MY COFFEE MUST BE A FINE BLEND
WELL, I THINK IT'S MORE IMPORTANT.
TO HAVE IT REALLY FRESH
13
BUT I INSIST ON HAVING IT GROUND
JUST RIGHT
32
Waichow, Sept. 1. It is reported that a bomb was dropped from a Japanese airplane flying over Au-tau, at the head of Bias Bay, fifty or more miles from Waichow. Yesterday, it is further rumoured that Waichow is one of the several places to be attacked from
the air, which of course causes much uneasiness. Quite a number of women and children have previously retired to the village and others are leaving the city pursuant to these unfavourable reports.
CHANGE OF VIEWPOINT
The motives
which urged the
RELATIONS HOPEFUL
Bucharest, Sept. 1.
Japanese to take advantage of the Lukouchiao and Shanghai incidents Members of the Little Entente to start the present war are explain-have issued a communique on their ed by a competent observer, Mr.
policy, which is based on the same
E. M. Gull, in a letter to the Man-principles as the United States. chester Guardian. He says:
Sir, May I begin this letter, which Otherwise I have been wanting for some time the city has gone on about its work to write, by congratulating the
as usual.--Our Own Correspondent.
the Far Eastern in general and crisis "to some extent."
Asked whether the United State's and Britain contemplated further joint action in the Sino-Japanese crisis, Mr. Bingham replied that any statement would have to come from the Department of State.
Reports that British and American naval commanders at Shanghai were discussing the possibility of convoys to escort
are
vessels evacuation treated with circumspection by the Department of State, which takes the view that such a step would require Mr. Roosevelt's approval.--Reuter.
Tension Relieved
Guardian Manchester
upon its presentation and treatment of the conflict between China and Japan? It needed real knowledge and insight to see and considerable courage to declare, as you did in your issue of July 13, that "there is every reason to believe that, should the Japanese go forward, political necessity as well as his personal inclination will force General Chiang Kai-shek to fight at last." You were, felt con- vinced, absolutely right, and so too, I thought, had been your correspon- dent in Nanking in the admirable messages which he had been sending to you.
few
But at this stage relatively
Most observers in thought thus. Washington, Sept. 1.
given England, among them persons who "American ships will be
recently had but
been in China, access to Chinese waters," stated Mr. Roper, Secretary of the Commerce thought, on the contrary, that China and Press Conference, who said that would not fight-not, some said, in opinion one the tension in the Far East had been any circumstances, and among them
were men for whose rclieved.
respect. Your could not but have It is expected that American cargo
in Nanking, with be and passenger ships will per- correspondent
whom I had long talks when I re- mitted to enter freely into Chinese waters soon but Mr. Roper added visited China in 1935, was aware of difference of opinion a similar that the American Government had
European residents in to proceed upon a daily, and we amongst
Shanghai, Peiping, and elsewhere. nigh an hourly basis, dependent on
He saw things much as I, after developments as they occurred.-
visit of several months, saw them, Reuter.
and was equally aware of opinions Chinese Make Amends
contrary to his. Last July he had, Washington, Sept. 2.
an-journalistically speaking, to burn The State Department has
Am- his boats. Incidentally, I had al- American nounced that the bassador to China, Mr. N. T. Johnson, ready burnt mine. has cabled advising that Marshal Chiang Kai-shek has officially apolo- gised in connection taken bombing of Hoover
and amends.-United Press.
with the mis- the President offered any possible
British Co-operation
The Basic Facts
a
I say all this not by way of send- ing you an agreeable letter bat be- cause it enables me to state what I conceive to be the basic facts in the present situation. First, the Chinese are not temperamentally fighters, and they have a moral and intel- lectual antipathy to violence. The commonest coolie will describe as "too fierce" the threatening, bluster- ing type of person,
and once that
Shanghai, Sept. 2 (7 p.m.). Admiral Yarnell, interviewed by Reuter, expressed his appreciation of British co-operation in the present difficulties. He stated that he was conferring with Vice-Admiral Little frequently on questions of common has been said three or four times of interest ke keeping the river open a man he is marked as inferior "for to navigation and he described the keeps." But what the Chinese feel help given by H.M.S. Cumberland to to-day transcends this constitutional dislike. They feel that unless they President Hoover as a sterling exam-
they
will must and ple of Anglo-American co-operation. fight Japan
become a second-rate The United States supply ship Gold inevitably
for good by an Japan to- people, dominated to presseding
under the in- morrow with the wives and families inferiority complex, of American naval officers and will fluence of which they could accom- pick up others at Tsingtao and Chefoo plish none of the tasks which they en route to Japan whence all aboard know must be undertaken and con- merchant ships will be conveyed to pleted before they can rank again as
a first-rate people. the United States.
Star is
The communique states that the
with development of the economic and the other political relations Danubian countries is increasingly, hopeful,
The communique praises M. Paul Van Zeeland's efforts for internation- al economic accord-United Press.
ETHIOPIAN CONQUESST
have
Belgrade, Sept. 1. Semi-officially the newspaper Vreme reported that members of the Bucharest conference
agreed that the question of recognising the Italian conquest of Ethiopia should be liquidated as soon as possible.
It is believed that members of the Little Entente are ready to originate a common move for the recognition of the conquest, and eliminating the subject from further European con- sideration.-United Press.
HAILED IN FRANCE
Paris, Sept. 1. The country has hailed the results of the conference at Bucharest as the greatest victory of French foreign Adolf Hitler's policy since Herr rise changed the international line- up.
Attention has been drawn to the communique, which endorses every foreign policy. principle of French It is said that the "Hands-off Spain" policy adopted at Bucharest is a to the Italo-German direct blow
interference doctrine that
in the civil war is justifiable because of the danger of the establishment extreme Leftist regime in Spain. United Press,
of an
OPIUM PROBLEM
Case of the British Colonies
FUTURE CONTROL POINT
A plea for the closest co-operation between the United States and this country in regard to the opium traffic was made at a gathering in West- minster by Mrs. Howell Morrhead, of the Foreign Policy Association, U.S.A., who for twenty-two years has been making a close study of the opium problem, discussing it with experts in many countries and watching the work of the League of Nations
Manchester Guardian.
Interviewed by Reuter, a spokes- man of the American Navy said that no plans had yet been made to con- voy merchantmen or evacuate Ameri-important of them from first-hand | Opium Advisory Committee, says the cans by warships, "but the Navy will evacuate every American man, woman and child in Shanghai if the necessity arises."-Reuter.
a
The next basic fact comprises their reasons for feeling like this. These are simply stated, the most
knowledge. When I was in Japan in 1935 the Japanese. had evolved doctrine which they made no bones about stating the doctrine, namely, that North China was essential to Manchukuo. The fact that this was an outright recognition of and in agreement with the Chinese conten- tion that Manchuria had by 1931 be- come an integral part of China they either could not or would not see.
What did a policy based upon their Shanghai, Sept. 2 (6.50 p.m.). interpretation of this truth Following 2 deluge of requests It meant two different groups of from anxious husbands, unhappy wives and sweethearts in Hongkong and Manila are beginning to return to Shanghai regardless of the present conditions.
WANT TO RETURN
American Wives Who Have Evacuated
The American Consulate had advis ed all those who have evacuated not to return pending the restoration of conditions to normal. Mr. Gauss said that "nobody knows what will be the result of the Japanese offensive."
One hundred and fifty Americans are at present concentrated at Mokan- shan, the majority being missionaries. Despite consular advice they have in- formed Mr. Gauss that they will re- main at Mokanshan at least through- cut September hoping that conditions will improve. Mr. Gauss has replied that "it may be worse then."
mean?
of her
things. On the one hand, it meant that they intended to acquire control over an area in which are to be found 60 per cent of China's total coal reserves, 60 per cent of her relatively scarce iron reserves, about 40 per cent of her wheat, 14 per cent of her barley, 24 per cent sweet potatoes, 50 per cent of her kaoliang, 32 per cent. of her soya beans, 38 per cent of her corn, 62 cent of her millet, and 29 per cent of her cotton. On the other hand, it meant that Japan proposed to sever, or at all events to treat as her in which own, the parts of China Chinese civilisation was nurtured and developed, that she proposed in effect to desecrate the ancestral tablets of the Chinese race.
Thirty Britons, Danes and Germans have decided to remain with the
What China Fights For Americans. However, the Asiatic Against these facts the actual Petroleum Corporation have arrang- occasion of the outbreak of fighting led to evacuate 55 Britons and 15 in North China, the incident which Americans, all non-missionarics, on occurred at Wangping early in July, Saturday, using lorries between and the occasion of the fighting at Mokanshan and Ningpo, after which Shanghai, the killing of a Japanese they will be sent by steamers to
lieutenant and a Japanese bluejacket Shanghai.-United Press.
on August 9, are wholly unim- portant. Anybody who tries to ex- plain the present conflict in terms of those incidents is being in effect as childish as he would be if he tried to add four pounds of butter o'clock.
STEAMER MISTAKEN
four
Shanghai, Sept. 2. A report from Kobe says that a
correspondent United Press
has To express any opinion upon the examined the President Hoover fighting itself would be to pretend to minutely and learned that Seaman S. military knowledge which I do not should Haskell was standing on the upper possess. But lest anybody Heck near the funnel when he was suppose from the emphatic terms of truck by fragment of the bomb preceding paragraphs that I believe which hit the President Hoover last China to be in any sense the military Monday near Shanghai. It is report- equal of Japan let me make per- ed that the engine-room was flooded, fectly plain that I am under no such but the water was later pumped out. delusion. The terms in which Chi-
Some people believe that the nese themselves
in were talking Chinese mistook the President Hoover 1935 envisaged the loss of practical- or an N.Y.K. liner.-United Press. ly everything north-east of a line from Intervention Opposed
drawn, roughly diagonally, somewhere east of Stanfu to Foo- Buffalo, Sept. 2. General Smedley Butler, former chow. Whether they are in actuality head of the US.S. Marines, urged prepared to lose so much may well be doubted. A similar doubt might 4,500 cheering delegates at the 38th National encampment of American reasonably be expressed in relation Veterans of Foreign Wars, who adopt to losses of similar magnitude by any ed an oral resolution asking President other country. The fact to grasp is is fighting at least as Roosevelt and Congress to state the that China Government's policy as regards much for what is immaterial as for
the American investments in China.
what is material. At point, General Butler said: "Less than therefore, at which she feels that the purpose has been U.S.$800,000,000 American money is immaterial invested in the Far East. If the achieved she will be prepared for United States went over there and peace terms. To say that that point ought it would cost a million dollars will not, or ought not to be, reached day. It would be far more sensible before losses of the magnitude in- to pay the interest on the U.S.$800,- dicated have been sustained would
But 000,000 and call the U.S. Marines be absurd.
it is unlikely, ack home."-United Press.
think, to be reached for some time.
1
She said that during these years she had been impressed by the fact that when the United States and Great Britain collaborated without any division of policy real progress was made in dealing with the inter- national evil of the opium traffic; when they were not quite in accord the rate of progress slowed down and the opium smugglers and opium dealers began to flourish again.
A new question was now pressing for solution. While the manufacture of drugs was well controlled in Europe, the Far East had become a focal point of danger because of the manufacture of drugs in Japan and the territories under her control and the large-scale smuggling of the raw material from Persia. International
collaboration was required to deat
with
this double menace. China
gling of raw material. China, indeed, apparently was not a centre of smug- had started a six years plan, hoping by the end of that time to stopped the cultivation of the poppy, opium-smoking, and the use of dan- gerous drugs.
have
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JERUSALEM RIOTS &
Coming Conference Mrs. Moorhead spoke of a con- ference that would be held at Geneva in about two years, a conference of plenipotentiaries of the various Gov- ernments, to consider the drafting of a treaty to limit the supply of raw Teamsters Throttle Gangs Many More Persons Killed materials to the needs of doctors and
Of Longshoremen
scientists.
Medical and scientific needs are already known, but to arrive at the world requirements of raw material the League must also know the amount of raw material required by the opium-smoking monopolies and how long that need is to continue.
It should therefore also know what policy Great Britain intended to pursue in regard to such of her colonies as still allow opium-smoking. In some of those colonies-there are only few-the smoker is registered but not rationed; in some he is rationed, and in some the registered list is closed, though new names may be added on medical authority.
Mrs. Moorhead, who made it clear that she was not speaking for her Government, said that the one point at issue between opinion in the United States and in Great Britain was the indefinite continuation of the
British colonies.
APPEAL TO MAYOR
San Francisco, Sept. 1. Teamsters throttled waterfront longshoremen's gangs attempting to unload ships here to-day and cargoes are not leaving the docks.
In Clashes
Jerusalem, Sept. 1. Four more persons were killed to- day as a result of clashes between Arabs and Jews.
Jewish leaders have issued a pro- clamation in similar terms used by the Arab Higher Committee yester- day, urging their people to keep calm. Police and aircraft are standing by
Martial Law Threat
A spokesman for the shippers for emergencies. Reuter Bulletin. asserted: "Oulbound ships will soon be without cargoes. All shipping
Jerusalem, Sept. 1. will be badly crippled. We are not
Two more Arabs have been shot party to the dispute but are watching
to death. The toll for the 72 hours developments closely.
is seven Arabs and three Jews. The "The teamsters are picketing every British authorities have threatened pier and are wearing American martial law. United Press. Federation of Labour buttons." United Press.
Appeal to Mayor
letin.
Arab Killed
Jerusalem, Sept. 2. Shots were fired at the British High San Francisco, Sept 1. Seventy-five women, mostly the Commissioner's summer camp to-day, the Anxiety in opium-smoking monopolies in certain United States would be relieved if wives of longshoremen, some leading killing an Arab constable.
The High Commissioner is at pre- Great Britain could announce her
and others carrying children, marched policy before the League conference to the offices of the Mayor, Mr. sent not residing there.-Reuter Bul- was summoned and agree to fix a Angelo J. Rossi, and appealed to him lists would be closed. It would be Press. definite date at which the registered to terminate the embargo.-United
required for her colonies; the League Committee could get to work, and the United States and Britain, acting in the fullest co-operation, might expect the success that has hitherto attended their united efforts.
The meeting agreed that the prob- lem of Hongkong, where the control system has broken down, would re- quire separate consideration.
AMOY MAYOR QUITS
The Canton-Hankow Railway has now resumed its regular service which was lately interrupted by
Amoy, Sept. 20. flood in Hunan, says the Canton Mr. Li Shih-lin, the mayor of Gazette. The large quantity of Amoy, resigned to-day. It is report- Hunan rice intended for Kwangtung ed that Mr. Kao Han-chiu will be
to succeed Mr. Lj.- and held up by the flood is gradually appointed
Central News. pouring into Canton.
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